Colorectal Surgery

There are several types of colorectal surgeries, each designed to treat various conditions by removing diseased tissue and restoring normal function. Some common types of colorectal surgery in Singapore include:

Colectomy - In a colectomy, colorectal surgeons remove either all or part of the colon. This procedure is often performed to treat conditions like colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Whether it is a complete or partial colectomy will depend on the location and extent of the disease.

Proctectomy - Proctectomy involves removing all or part of the rectum, and is usually used in the treatment of rectal cancer or severe cases of inflammatory bowel disease affecting the lower rectum. Whether it is a complete or partial proctectomy will also depend on the location and extent of the disease.

Haemorrhoidectomy - A haemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove swollen and enlarged haemorrhoids in the lower rectum, a common condition characterised by the sensation of a lump around the anal area, sometimes accompanied by bleeding and itching. A haemorrhoidectomy is typically performed for more serious or recurrent cases of haemorrhoids.

Colostomy - A colostomy is a surgery to create an opening in the large intestine (stoma). This opening forms a passage from the large intestine directly to the outside of one’s body (where waste products will be collected in a stoma pouch), allowing stool to leave one’s body without having to pass the rectum. A colostomy may be temporary or permanent.

Good preparation is key to achieving successful surgical outcomes and ensuring a smooth recovery.

Preoperative Care
Patients must disclose their full medical history, including allergies, medications, and underlying conditions to their doctor. This information will enable the surgical team to plan the procedure and manage risks properly.

Bowel Preparation
In some cases, bowel preparation may be needed. This involves cleaning out the colon before surgery, often through a controlled diet and the use of strong laxatives.

Anaesthesia and Pain Management
Colorectal surgery is normally performed via general anaesthesia where the patient will be asleep and not feel nor remember anything from the procedure. Other types of pain management will also be considered depending on the patient’s condition.

Recovering from colorectal surgery often involves medical and lifestyle changes in order to facilitate proper healing. This includes:

Hospital Stay and Discharge
The length of the hospital stay depends on the procedure and the patient’s overall health. Before discharge, doctors will educate patients about home care, including wound care, diet, recognising signs of potential complications, and when to seek medical attention.

Lifestyle Modifications
Upon discharge, patients are advised to gradually incorporate physical activity into their daily routines to boost recovery. A balanced, high-fibre diet can help facilitate bowel movements and prevent constipation.

Follow-up Appointments
Regular follow-ups are important for monitoring the patient’s recovery and addressing concerns early on. During these appointments, the surgeon checks on the wound’s healing, treat any complications that may have arisen, and provides updated advice.